Related Conditions

This is not an exhaustive list of related conditions. There are also many complications that can occur which are not currently listed here

Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disease that causes frequent urination. The large volume of urine is diluted, mostly water. To make up for lost water, a person with DI may feel the need to drink large amounts and is likely to urinate frequently, even at night, which can disrupt sleep and, on occasion, cause bedwetting. Because of the excretion of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine, people with DI may quickly become dehydrated if they do not drink enough water. Children with DI may be irritable or listless and may have fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Milder forms of DI can be managed by drinking enough water, usually between 2 and 2.5 liters a day. DI severe enough to endanger a person’s health is rare.

 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when tendons or ligaments in the wrist become enlarged, often from inflammation, after being aggravated. The narrowed tunnel of bones and ligaments in the wrist pinches the nerves that reach the fingers and the muscles at the base of the thumb. The first symptoms usually appear at night. Symptoms range from a burning, tingling numbness in the fingers, especially the thumb and the index and middle fingers, to difficulty gripping or making a fist, to dropping things. Some cases of carpal tunnel syndrome are due to work-related cumulative trauma of the wrist. Diseases or conditions that predispose to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome include pregnancy, diabetes, and obesity

 

Arthritis

Arthritis, inflammation of one or more joints. Over 100 different diseases can produce arthritis. In its most common and troubling forms arthritis may occur in several joints of the body and is usually a long-term condition that may cause progressive disability. Inflammation of the joints can be caused by gout, rheumatic fever, or ankylosing spondylitis, a disease that affects the spine.

Osteoarthritis, the most common form, affects an estimated 80 per cent of people over 65 years of age, although only 25 per cent may actually have symptoms of the disease. It is usually a mild, sometimes painful disease occurring primarily with advancing age, when degenerative changes alter the structure of the joints. Symptoms may be relieved and the condition controlled with drugs, exercise, and other measures, sometimes including orthopaedic surgery.

Rheumatoid arthritis is by far the more serious, painful, and potentially crippling form; it is chronic, is characterized by flare-ups and remissions, and occurs throughout the world, in all climates and ethnic groups. The prevalence in developed countries is generally about 3 per cent, with three times as many women as men affected.

Rheumatoid arthritis attacks the joints primarily, but may affect supporting connective tissues throughout the body, causing fever, weakness, fatigue, and deformity. The cause is not known, but a hereditary predisposition and an environmental agent, such as a virus, are suspected. Although no cure has been discovered, the disease can be controlled. Pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory drugs are used, as well as programmes of exercise, rest, heat, and assistive devices to maintain joint motion and function. Most forms of arthritis respond to a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Ibuprofen, which inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin is also widely used in treating the disease, although it can cause gastrointestinal irritation, as can the NSAIDs, but less severely. Severe cases may be treated with gold compounds or the drugs hydroxychloroquine or penicillamine. Disability in advanced cases can be markedly reduced, and surgery is often effective in correcting abnormalities.

 

Impared Glucose Tolerence (IGT)

about 50% of cases (Ganda [1997]).

Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) is a pre-diabetic state of dysglycemia, that is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology. IGT may precede type 2 diabetes mellitus by many years. IGT is also a risk factor for mortality.

 

Diabetes

- occurs in about 6 to 25% of cases (Ganda [1997]).

Over 2 million people in England are living with diabetes. Many more have the condition but don’t know it. Type 1 and type 2 are the most common forms. The causes of both types are different, but both result in too much glucose (sugar) in the blood.

Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body's failure to produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone released by the pancreas to help control levels of sugar in the blood. It's sometimes called juvenile diabetes or early-onset diabetes because it usually appears before the age of 40.

Type 2 diabetes is caused by the body not producing enough insulin or not using what it produces effectively. It's the most common form and accounts for around 90% of all diabetes.

Diabetes can increase the risk of developing other conditions, such as heart disease. It can be managed effectively and many people with diabetes lead a healthy, active life.

Diabetes can also occur in pregnancy. This is known as gestational diabetes. Some pregnant women have high levels of glucose in their blood because their bodies do not produce enough insulin to meet the extra demands of pregnancy. It affects less than one in 20 pregnant women and usually disappears after birth. Although women with gestational diabetes are more at risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

 

Hypertension

Hypertension, high blood pressure. Hypertension may be secondary hypertension if some other disorder is the cause; more commonly it is known as essential or primary hypertension if no specific cause is found. Individuals with high blood pressure are at a greater risk of suffering a stroke or a heart attack, though treatment of hypertension reduces this risk.

 

Cardiovascular disease

- increased risk

Cardiovascular disease is also known as heart and circulatory disease, and this term covers all diseases that affect the heart and circulatory system. It’s the most common cause of death in the UK and includes coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack and stroke.

 

Colon polyps

- increased risk

A colon polyp is a growth on the surface of the colon, also called the large intestine. Sometimes, a person can have more than one colon polyp. Colon polyps can be raised or flat.

The large intestine is the long, hollow tube at the end of your digestive tract. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid. Stool is the waste that passes through the rectum and anus as a bowel movement.

 

Menstrual abnormalities

Any condition relation to menstruation. Most menstrual conditions involve some type of menstrual irregularity. Some examples are premenstrual syndrome, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. Menstrual conditions can be caused by things such as certain drugs, endometrial cancer, pregnancy and thyroid abnormalities.

 

Impotence

Impotence or "erectile dysfunction " is the inability to attain or sustain an erection for long enough for sexual activity. About 70% of cases of impotence are actually caused by an underlying disease, such as diabetes or kidney disease, rather than a mental or physical problem. Secondary impotence from various drugs and medications is common. Physical damage from injury or surgery is another common cause of impotence. Psychological causes of impotence are estimated to be only 10-20% of cases. Although psychological aspects such as anxiety and fear of sexual failure are commonly associated with impotence, they are not usually the real case, but are a reaction to having impotence.